Horse Racing
Horse Racing is among the most widely attended U.S. spectator sports. It is also a major professional sport in Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, Western Europe, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and South America. The most popular form of the sport is the racing of mounted thoroughbred horses over flat courses at distances from three-quarters of a mile to two miles.
Horse Racing's beginnings can be traced back to the 12th century, when English knights returned home from the Crusades with Arab horses. Over the next 400 years, breeding between imported Arab stallions and English mares produced horses that combined speed and endurance.
Horse Racing became a professional sport as early as 1702 to 1714. Race courses sprang up all over England and offered large purses to attract the best horses. The British settlers brought horses and horse racing to America, with the first American race track built in Long Island in 1665. The development of organized racing did not arrive to America until after the Civil War. In 1894, the American Jockey Club was formed to govern the sport.
The introduction of pari-mutuel betting for the Kentucky Derby signaled a renaissance for the sport after stumbling badly in the early 1900s. At the end of World War I, prosperity brought spectators flocking to race tracks. The sport prospered until World War II, declined in popularity during the 1950s and 1960s, enjoyed a resurgence in the 1970s and declined in the late 1980s. It is currently enjoying another renaissance, thanks to the popularity of horses like War Emblem, Funny Cide, and the legendary Seabiscuit.
Today, thoroughbred tracks exist in about half the states in the United States. Public interest in the sport focuses primarily on major thoroughbred races such as the Triple Crown (Kentucky Derby, Preakness, Belmont Stakes) and the Breeders' Cup.
Horse Racing Spotlight
- THE TRIPLE CROWN This is the pinnacle of horse racing achievements. It requires winning three of the biggest stakes races in the world, all within a five-week stretch that starts on the first Saturday of May.
- THE KENTUCKY DERBY This is the first jewel of the Triple Crown. It is staged at Churchill Downs in Louisville, Kentucky on the first Saturday in May, capping the two-week-long Kentucky Derby Festival.
- THE PREAKNESS STAKES This the middle jewel of the Triple Crown. It was conceived through an agreement among sportsmen to stage a special race to commemorate a memorable occasion on a late summer evening in 1868.
- THE BELMONT STAKES This is the third jewel of the Triple Crown. It is held five weeks after the Kentucky Derby at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York.
- THE BREEDERS' CUP This is a one-day event held at a location that changes each year. All the sites have been in the United States, except in 1996, when the races were held at Woodbine Racetrack in Canada.